/* PAIRS Lab website. Colors follow the PAIRS Lab logo (navy #063a7a, cyan #00b4cc). */
:root {
  --ink: #0a2342;
  --text: #2f4560;
  --muted: #5d7087;
  --accent: #0b55ad;
  --accent-strong: #063a7a;
  --accent-soft: #e8f1fb;
  --cyan: #00b4cc;
  --cyan-soft: #e0f7fa;
  --bg: #ffffff;
  --bg-alt: #f4f7fb;
  --line: #d9e2ec;
  --dark: #061a36;
  --radius: 10px;
  --shadow: 0 12px 32px rgba(6, 26, 54, 0.1);
  --shell: min(1160px, calc(100vw - 64px));
  --header-h: 76px;
  --font: system-ui, -apple-system, "Segoe UI", Roboto, "Helvetica Neue", Arial, "Noto Sans", sans-serif;
}

*, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
[hidden] { display: none !important; }  /* the hidden attribute must win over component display rules */
html { scroll-behavior: smooth; scroll-padding-top: calc(var(--header-h) + 16px); background: var(--bg); }
body { margin: 0; color: var(--text); background: var(--bg); font: 17px/1.65 var(--font); -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; }
body.nav-open { overflow: hidden; }
img, video, iframe { display: block; max-width: 100%; }
a { color: var(--accent); text-decoration-thickness: 1px; text-underline-offset: 3px; }
a:hover { color: var(--accent-strong); }
h1, h2, h3 { color: var(--ink); line-height: 1.2; letter-spacing: -0.01em; margin: 0 0 0.5em; }
h1 { font-size: clamp(2.1rem, 4.6vw, 3.4rem); font-weight: 800; }
h2 { font-size: clamp(1.45rem, 2.4vw, 1.9rem); font-weight: 750; }
h3 { font-size: 1.12rem; font-weight: 650; }
p { margin: 0 0 1em; }
button { font: inherit; }
:focus-visible { outline: 2px solid var(--accent); outline-offset: 3px; }
.sr-only { position: absolute !important; width: 1px; height: 1px; overflow: hidden; clip: rect(0 0 0 0); white-space: nowrap; }
.skip-link { position: fixed; top: 10px; left: 10px; z-index: 100; padding: 8px 14px; color: #fff; background: var(--accent-strong); transform: translateY(-160%); }
.skip-link:focus { transform: none; }
.shell { width: var(--shell); margin-inline: auto; }
.section { padding: 72px 0; }
.section-tight { padding: 28px 0; }
.section-alt { background: var(--bg-alt); }
.muted { color: var(--muted); }
.kicker { margin: 0 0 8px; color: var(--accent); font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.kicker-light { color: var(--cyan); }

/* header */
.site-header { position: sticky; top: 0; z-index: 50; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.95); backdrop-filter: blur(10px); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.header-row { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; min-height: var(--header-h); }
.brand { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; flex: none; }
.brand img { width: auto; height: 48px; }
.site-nav { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 2px; }
.site-nav a { padding: 8px 9px; color: var(--text); font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.site-nav a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.site-nav a[aria-current="page"] { color: var(--accent); box-shadow: inset 0 -2px 0 var(--accent); }
.nav-toggle { display: none; width: 42px; height: 42px; padding: 10px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; background: #fff; cursor: pointer; }
.nav-toggle span { display: block; height: 2px; margin: 4px 0; background: var(--ink); }

/* hero slider: campus slide + one video slide per research direction */
.hero-slider { position: relative; overflow: hidden; height: clamp(480px, 74vh, 720px); color: #fff; background: linear-gradient(135deg, #061a36, #0b55ad 70%, #00b4cc); }
.hero-slides, .hero-slide { position: absolute; inset: 0; }
.hero-slide { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; isolation: isolate; padding: 0 72px; text-align: center; opacity: 0; visibility: hidden; transition: opacity 0.8s ease, visibility 0.8s; }
.hero-slide.is-active { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
html:not(.js) .hero-slide:first-child { opacity: 1; visibility: visible; }
.hero-media { position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -2; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.hero-slide::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; background: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(6, 26, 54, 0.55), rgba(6, 26, 54, 0.62) 55%, rgba(6, 26, 54, 0.78)); }
.hero-content { max-width: 920px; }
.hero-slide h1, .hero-slide h2 { margin: 0 0 16px; color: #fff; font-size: clamp(2rem, 4.6vw, 3.6rem); font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: -0.02em; text-shadow: 0 2px 18px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35); }
.hero-lead { max-width: 60ch; margin: 0 auto; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.92); font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.6vw, 1.2rem); text-shadow: 0 1px 10px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.35); }
.hero-actions { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: 12px; margin-top: 28px; }
.hero-arrow { position: absolute; top: 50%; z-index: 5; display: grid; place-items: center; width: 48px; height: 48px; margin-top: -24px; border: 0; border-radius: 50%; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.12); color: #fff; font-size: 2rem; line-height: 1; cursor: pointer; transition: background 0.2s; }
.hero-arrow:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.28); }
.hero-prev { left: 16px; }
.hero-next { right: 16px; }
.hero-dots { position: absolute; bottom: 22px; left: 0; right: 0; z-index: 5; display: flex; justify-content: center; gap: 10px; }
.hero-dots button { width: 10px; height: 10px; padding: 0; border: 1.5px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85); border-radius: 50%; background: transparent; cursor: pointer; }
.hero-dots button[aria-current="true"] { width: 28px; border-radius: 6px; background: #fff; }
html:not(.js) .hero-arrow, html:not(.js) .hero-dots { display: none; }
.button { display: inline-flex; align-items: center; gap: 8px; padding: 12px 22px; border-radius: 6px; color: #fff; background: var(--accent); font-weight: 650; text-decoration: none; transition: background 0.2s; }
.button:hover { color: #fff; background: var(--accent-strong); }
.button-ghost { background: transparent; box-shadow: inset 0 0 0 1.5px rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85); }
.button-ghost:hover { background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.14); }
.button-light { color: var(--accent-strong); background: #fff; }
.button-light:hover { color: var(--accent-strong); background: var(--cyan-soft); }

/* intro */
.intro-text { max-width: 72ch; margin: 0 auto; color: var(--ink); font-size: 1.2rem; text-align: center; }

/* section heads */
.section-head { display: flex; align-items: flex-end; justify-content: space-between; gap: 16px; margin-bottom: 24px; padding-bottom: 12px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.section-head h2 { margin: 0; }
.section-link, .text-link { font-weight: 650; font-size: 0.95rem; text-decoration: none; white-space: nowrap; }

/* directions */
.direction-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 24px; }
.direction-media.is-map { background: #fff; }
.direction-media.is-map img { padding: 0; object-fit: cover; }
.direction-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: #fff; color: inherit; text-decoration: none; transition: transform 0.2s, box-shadow 0.2s; }
.direction-card:hover { color: inherit; transform: translateY(-3px); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.direction-media { position: relative; overflow: hidden; aspect-ratio: 16 / 10; background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.direction-media img { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; padding: 10px; }
.direction-body { display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1; padding: 18px; }
.direction-body p { flex: 1; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.95rem; }
.direction-num { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 6px; color: var(--cyan); font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.08em; }

/* page head */
.page-head { padding: 64px 0 40px; background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent-soft), #fff); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.page-head h1 { margin-bottom: 12px; }
.lead { max-width: 64ch; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.12rem; }

/* research page */
.direction { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.1fr 1fr; gap: 48px; align-items: start; padding: 64px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.direction:nth-of-type(even) .direction-figure { order: -1; }
.direction-figure { padding: 16px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: #fff; }
.direction-figure img { width: 100%; height: auto; }
.direction h3 { margin-top: 24px; font-size: 0.95rem; color: var(--muted); text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 0.06em; }
.tags, .chips { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.tag { display: inline-block; padding: 3px 10px; border-radius: 999px; color: var(--accent-strong); background: var(--accent-soft); font-size: 0.8rem; font-weight: 600; }
.work-list { margin: 0 0 16px; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.work-list li { padding: 8px 0; border-bottom: 1px dashed var(--line); }
.work-list a { display: block; color: var(--ink); font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.work-list a:hover { color: var(--accent); }
.work-list span { color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.86rem; }
.notice { margin: 48px 0; padding: 32px; border-left: 4px solid var(--cyan); border-radius: 0 var(--radius) var(--radius) 0; background: var(--bg-alt); }
.notice h2 { font-size: 1.35rem; }

/* papers */
.paper-list { display: grid; gap: 16px; }
.paper { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 240px 1fr; gap: 24px; padding: 20px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: #fff; }
.paper.no-media { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
.paper-media { position: relative; display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: center; overflow: hidden; aspect-ratio: 4 / 3; border-radius: 6px; background: var(--bg-alt); }
.paper-media img, .paper-media video { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: contain; }
.paper-media video { object-fit: cover; background: #000; }
.paper h3 { margin: 4px 0 6px; font-size: 1.05rem; }
.paper h3 a { color: var(--ink); text-decoration: none; }
.paper h3 a:hover { color: var(--accent); text-decoration: underline; }
.paper-meta { display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: center; gap: 4px 10px; margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.86rem; }
.authors { margin: 0 0 10px; font-size: 0.94rem; }
.authors strong { color: var(--ink); }
.badge { padding: 2px 8px; border-radius: 4px; color: #fff; font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 700; letter-spacing: 0.04em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.badge-journal { background: var(--accent-strong); }
.badge-conference { background: #0a8aa3; }
.badge-preprint { background: #7d6a9a; }
.status { padding: 1px 8px; border-radius: 999px; color: #7a5a00; background: #fdf3d6; font-size: 0.78rem; font-weight: 600; }
.chip-link { display: inline-flex; gap: 4px; padding: 4px 12px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; color: var(--accent); background: #fff; font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 600; text-decoration: none; }
.chip-link:hover { border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent-soft); }
.chip-link.is-empty { color: #a7b4c2; border-style: dashed; background: transparent; cursor: default; }
.chip-link.is-empty:hover { border-color: var(--line); background: transparent; }
details { margin-top: 10px; font-size: 0.92rem; }
summary { color: var(--accent); font-weight: 600; cursor: pointer; }
details p { margin: 8px 0 0; }
pre { overflow-x: auto; margin: 8px 0 0; padding: 12px; border-radius: 6px; background: var(--bg-alt); font-size: 0.8rem; }
.compact .paper { grid-template-columns: 1fr; padding: 16px 18px; }
.compact .paper-media { display: none; }
.year-group { margin-bottom: 40px; }
.year { margin-bottom: 16px; padding-bottom: 8px; border-bottom: 2px solid var(--ink); font-size: 1.5rem; }
.filters { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr auto auto; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.filters[hidden] { display: none; }
.filters input, .filters select { min-height: 44px; padding: 8px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; background: #fff; color: var(--ink); font: inherit; font-size: 0.95rem; }
.filters input { width: 100%; }
.topic-row { grid-column: 1 / -1; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; gap: 8px; }
.topic { padding: 5px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 999px; background: #fff; color: var(--text); font-size: 0.86rem; cursor: pointer; }
.topic[aria-pressed="true"] { border-color: var(--accent); color: #fff; background: var(--accent); }
.results { margin: 0 0 28px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.9rem; }
.empty { padding: 40px; text-align: center; color: var(--muted); }

/* news */
.two-col { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; gap: 48px; }
.news-list { margin: 0; padding: 0; list-style: none; }
.news-item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 84px 1fr; gap: 16px; padding: 14px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.news-item time { color: var(--accent); font-size: 0.86rem; font-weight: 700; }
.news-item p { margin: 0; font-size: 0.95rem; }

/* cards, timeline */
.card-grid, .position-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(300px, 1fr)); gap: 20px; }
.card, .position { padding: 24px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); background: #fff; }
.meta-list { display: grid; grid-template-columns: auto 1fr; gap: 4px 16px; margin: 16px 0 0; font-size: 0.9rem; }
.meta-list dt { color: var(--muted); font-weight: 600; }
.meta-list dd { margin: 0; }
.timeline-item { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 160px 1fr; gap: 24px; padding: 20px 0; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.timeline-date { margin: 0; color: var(--accent); font-weight: 700; }
.position .tag { margin: 0; }

/* member page: tabs, search, 3D carousel */
.members-page { padding: 64px 0 24px; background: linear-gradient(180deg, var(--accent-soft) 0%, #fff 520px); }
.members-intro h1 { margin-bottom: 16px; color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: clamp(2.6rem, 6vw, 4.4rem); letter-spacing: -0.03em; }
.members-intro p { max-width: 56ch; color: var(--muted); font-size: 1.08rem; }
.member-tabs { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); margin: 36px 0 48px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; background: #fff; box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.member-tabs button { padding: 16px; border: 0; border-bottom: 3px solid transparent; background: #fff; color: var(--muted); font-weight: 700; cursor: pointer; }
.member-tabs button + button { border-left: 1px solid var(--line); }
.member-tabs button.is-active { color: var(--ink); background: var(--accent-soft); border-bottom-color: var(--accent); }
.panel-heading h2 { margin-bottom: 24px; color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: clamp(1.7rem, 3vw, 2.2rem); }
.js .member-panel[hidden] { display: none; }
.member-search { position: relative; max-width: 480px; margin: 0 auto 40px; }
.member-search[hidden] { display: none; }
.member-search label { display: block; margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--ink); font-size: 0.95rem; font-weight: 700; }
.member-search input { width: 100%; min-height: 52px; padding: 10px 16px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 6px; background: #fff; color: var(--ink); font: inherit; }
.member-search-popup { position: absolute; top: 100%; left: 0; right: 0; z-index: 20; margin-top: 6px; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 8px; background: #fff; box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.member-search-popup[hidden] { display: none; }
.member-search-popup [role="option"] { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 12px; padding: 8px 12px; cursor: pointer; }
.member-search-popup [role="option"] img { width: 36px; height: 36px; border-radius: 50%; object-fit: cover; }
.member-search-popup [role="option"][aria-selected="true"], .member-search-popup [role="option"]:hover { background: var(--accent-soft); }
.member-search-popup [role="option"] small { display: block; color: var(--muted); }
.member-search-empty { margin: 0; padding: 12px; color: var(--muted); }

/* no-JS fallback: a plain grid of cards and every bio below */
.carousel-stage { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(150px, 1fr)); gap: 20px; }
.carousel-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; gap: 8px; padding: 0; border: 0; background: none; color: var(--ink); text-align: center; cursor: pointer; }
.carousel-photo { display: block; overflow: hidden; aspect-ratio: 1; border-radius: 8px; background: var(--bg-alt); box-shadow: 0 6px 18px rgba(6, 26, 54, 0.12); }
.carousel-photo img { width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 28%; }
.carousel-name { font-size: 0.92rem; font-weight: 650; }
.carousel-arrow, .carousel-dots { display: none; }
.carousel-details { display: grid; gap: 20px; margin-top: 32px; }
.carousel-detail { text-align: center; }
.carousel-role { margin: 0 0 4px; color: var(--accent); font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.carousel-detail h2 { margin-bottom: 10px; font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.6vw, 1.9rem); }
.carousel-lead-title span { color: var(--ink); }
.carousel-lead-title { color: var(--accent-strong); }
.carousel-bio { max-width: 70ch; margin: 0 auto 12px; color: var(--text); }
.profile-link { display: inline-flex; gap: 4px; padding-bottom: 2px; border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor; font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.95rem; text-decoration: none; }

/* JS on: coverflow ring */
.js .carousel { position: relative; overflow: hidden; height: 420px; margin: 0 auto; outline: none; perspective: 1600px; border-radius: 12px; background: radial-gradient(ellipse at 50% 60%, rgba(11, 85, 173, 0.06), transparent 70%); }
.js .carousel-stage { position: absolute; inset: 0; display: block; transform-style: preserve-3d; }
.js .carousel-card { position: absolute; top: 30px; left: 50%; width: 260px; margin-left: -130px; transition: transform 0.55s cubic-bezier(0.2, 0.7, 0.2, 1), opacity 0.4s; will-change: transform; }
.js .carousel-card .carousel-photo { border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 4px; box-shadow: 0 14px 34px rgba(6, 26, 54, 0.18); }
.js .carousel-card .carousel-name { display: none; }
.js .carousel-card.is-active .carousel-photo { border-color: var(--accent); }
.js .carousel-arrow { position: absolute; top: 50%; z-index: 200; display: grid; place-items: center; width: 44px; height: 44px; margin-top: -22px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 50%; background: #fff; color: var(--ink); font-size: 0.85rem; box-shadow: var(--shadow); cursor: pointer; }
.js .carousel-prev { left: 16px; }
.js .carousel-next { right: 16px; }
.js .carousel-dots { position: absolute; bottom: 14px; left: 0; right: 0; z-index: 200; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; justify-content: center; gap: 6px; }
.js .carousel-dots button { width: 12px; height: 12px; padding: 0; border: 1px solid rgba(6, 58, 122, 0.35); border-radius: 50%; background: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.85); cursor: pointer; }
.js .carousel-dots button[aria-current="true"] { border-color: var(--accent); background: var(--accent); }
.js .carousel-details { display: block; min-height: 160px; margin-top: 24px; }
.js .carousel-detail[hidden] { display: none; }

/* profile page */
.profile { padding: 48px 0 32px; }
.back-link { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 28px; font-weight: 650; text-decoration: none; }
.profile-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 280px 1fr; gap: 48px; align-items: start; margin-bottom: 32px; }
.profile-photo { width: 100%; aspect-ratio: 1; border-radius: 10px; object-fit: cover; object-position: center 28%; box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
.profile-bio { max-width: 68ch; font-size: 1.08rem; }
.profile-links { margin-top: 16px; }

/* join */
.topic-list { padding-left: 20px; }
.topic-list li { margin-bottom: 6px; }
address { margin-bottom: 16px; font-style: normal; }
.map { width: 100%; height: 320px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: var(--radius); }

/* call to action + footer */
.cta { color: #fff; background: linear-gradient(110deg, var(--dark), #0b4a96); }
.cta-inner { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; gap: 24px; padding: 56px 0; }
.cta h2 { color: #fff; }
.cta p { margin: 0; color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.8); }
.site-footer { color: var(--text); background: var(--bg-alt); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); font-size: 0.92rem; }
.footer-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: 1.6fr 1fr 1fr; gap: 40px; padding: 48px 0 32px; }
.footer-logo { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 12px; }
.footer-logo img { width: auto; height: 48px; }
.footer-label { margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--accent); font-size: 0.76rem; font-weight: 750; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.footer-bottom { padding: 16px 0 28px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.84rem; }

/* research page (overview grid + programs with demo cards) */
.research-hero { padding: 64px 0 48px; background: linear-gradient(110deg, var(--accent-soft), #fff 60%); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.research-hero h1 { margin: 0; color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: clamp(2.8rem, 7vw, 5rem); letter-spacing: -0.03em; }
.research-focus { padding: 64px 0; }
.focus-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: minmax(220px, 0.8fr) 2fr; gap: 40px; }
.focus-grid h2 { margin: 0; color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3rem); letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
.focus-copy p { font-size: 1.05rem; }
.research-choices { padding: 56px 0 64px; background: var(--bg-alt); border-top: 1px solid var(--line); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.choices-head { display: flex; align-items: center; justify-content: space-between; margin-bottom: 20px; }
.preview-toggle { padding: 6px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 6px; background: #fff; color: var(--ink); font-size: 0.86rem; cursor: pointer; }
.choice-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 18px; }
.research-choice { position: relative; isolation: isolate; display: flex; flex-direction: column; justify-content: center; min-height: 260px; padding: 28px; overflow: hidden; border-radius: 6px; color: #fff; text-decoration: none; background: var(--dark); box-shadow: var(--shadow); transition: transform 0.2s; }
.research-choice:hover { color: #fff; transform: translateY(-3px); }
.research-choice video { position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -2; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.research-choice::after { content: ""; position: absolute; inset: 0; z-index: -1; background: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(6, 26, 54, 0.78), rgba(6, 26, 54, 0.35)); }
.choice-num { font-size: 0.85rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.08em; }
.choice-title { max-width: 18ch; margin-top: 8px; font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2.2vw, 1.75rem); font-weight: 800; line-height: 1.2; }
.choice-arrow { position: absolute; top: 24px; right: 28px; font-size: 1.4rem; }
.research-program { padding: 64px 0 24px; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.back-to-grid { display: inline-block; margin-bottom: 28px; padding: 8px 14px; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 6px; color: var(--accent-strong); font-weight: 700; font-size: 0.92rem; text-decoration: none; }
.program-kicker { margin: 0 0 8px; color: var(--accent); font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.1em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.program-kicker span { margin-right: 10px; color: var(--muted); }
.research-program h2 { color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.6vw, 2.8rem); letter-spacing: -0.02em; }
.program-copy { max-width: 80ch; font-size: 1.06rem; }
.work-heading { margin: 36px 0 20px; }
.work-heading h3 { margin: 0 0 4px; color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: 1.1rem; }
.work-heading p { margin: 0; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.92rem; }
.topic-grid { display: grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); gap: 24px; margin-bottom: 28px; }
.topic-card { display: flex; flex-direction: column; overflow: hidden; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 6px; background: #fff; }
.topic-media { position: relative; overflow: hidden; aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; background: #061a36; }
.topic-media video, .topic-media img { position: absolute; inset: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%; object-fit: cover; }
.topic-media.is-figure { background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); }
.topic-media.is-figure img { object-fit: contain; padding: 12px; }
.topic-placeholder { position: absolute; inset: 0; background: radial-gradient(circle at 30% 30%, rgba(0, 180, 204, 0.55), transparent 55%), linear-gradient(135deg, #061a36, #0b55ad); }
.topic-label { position: absolute; right: 12px; bottom: 12px; padding: 4px 10px; border: 1px solid rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.35); border-radius: 3px; color: #fff; background: rgba(6, 26, 54, 0.82); font-size: 0.72rem; font-weight: 800; letter-spacing: 0.08em; text-transform: uppercase; }
.topic-copy { display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex: 1; padding: 22px 24px 24px; }
.topic-attribution { margin: 0 0 8px; color: var(--accent); font-size: 0.82rem; font-weight: 750; }
.topic-copy h3 { color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: 1.2rem; }
.topic-copy p:not(.topic-attribution) { flex: 1; }
.topic-link { align-self: flex-start; font-weight: 700; }
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  .focus-grid, .choice-grid, .topic-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 16px; }
  .research-choice { min-height: 190px; }
}

/* hardware rings (Datasets & Resources) */
.hw-group { margin-top: 36px; }
.hw-group + .hw-group { margin-top: 56px; padding-top: 32px; border-top: 1px solid var(--line); }
.hw-group-title { display: flex; align-items: center; gap: 10px; margin-bottom: 8px; color: var(--accent-strong); font-size: 1.3rem; }
.hw-group-title span { padding: 1px 9px; border-radius: 999px; color: var(--accent-strong); background: var(--accent-soft); font-size: 0.8rem; }
.carousel-photo.is-contain { background: #fff; }
.carousel-photo.is-contain img { object-fit: contain; object-position: center; padding: 14px; }

/* research maps */
.direction-map, .overview-map { margin: 32px 0 8px; }
.overview-map img { width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 10px; background: #fff; }
.overview-map figcaption { margin-top: 8px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.88rem; text-align: center; }
.intro .overview-map { margin-top: 40px; }
.direction-map img { width: 100%; height: auto; border: 1px solid var(--line); border-radius: 10px; background: #fff; }
.direction-map figcaption { margin-top: 8px; color: var(--muted); font-size: 0.88rem; }

/* responsive */
@media (max-width: 1080px) {
  .direction-grid { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  .nav-toggle { display: block; }
  .site-nav { position: fixed; inset: var(--header-h) 0 auto 0; display: none; flex-direction: column; padding: 12px 16px 20px; background: #fff; border-bottom: 1px solid var(--line); box-shadow: var(--shadow); }
  .site-nav.open { display: flex; }
  .site-nav a { padding: 12px; font-size: 1.02rem; }
  .site-nav a[aria-current="page"] { box-shadow: inset 3px 0 0 var(--accent); }
}
@media (max-width: 820px) {
  :root { --shell: calc(100vw - 32px); --header-h: 64px; }
  .brand img { height: 40px; }
  .section { padding: 48px 0; }
  .two-col, .direction, .footer-grid, .profile-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 28px; }
  .profile-photo { max-width: 240px; }
  .direction:nth-of-type(even) .direction-figure { order: 0; }
  .paper { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .paper-media { aspect-ratio: 16 / 9; }
  .filters { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; }
  .filters input { grid-column: 1 / -1; }
  .timeline-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 4px; }
  .cta-inner { flex-direction: column; align-items: flex-start; }
  .js .carousel { height: 360px; }
  .js .carousel-card { width: 200px; margin-left: -100px; }
}
@media (max-width: 540px) {
  body { font-size: 16px; }
  .direction-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  .news-item { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 2px; }
  .section-head { flex-wrap: wrap; }
  .hero-slide { padding: 0 20px 40px; }
  .hero-arrow { display: none; }
  .member-tabs { margin: 24px 0 32px; }
  .member-tabs button { padding: 12px 6px; font-size: 0.86rem; }
  .js .carousel { height: 340px; }
  .js .carousel-card { width: 170px; margin-left: -85px; top: 20px; }
  .js .carousel-arrow { width: 38px; height: 38px; margin-top: -19px; }
  .js .carousel-prev { left: 4px; }
  .js .carousel-next { right: 4px; }
}
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) { * { transition: none !important; scroll-behavior: auto !important; } }